GPT on Question 16, Oct 2

Naloxone (Narcan) rapidly reverses opioid overdose by binding to opioid receptors and displacing opioids such as heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, or methadone. This can restore breathing within about 2–3 minutes. It does not reverse overdoses from non-opioid drugs, but it generally won’t harm someone if opioids aren’t involved.

When a bystander should use it

Give naloxone immediately if opioid overdose is possible and the person:

• •Cannot be awakened or respond normally
• •Is breathing very slowly, irregularly, or not at all
• •Has pinpoint pupils
• •Has blue/gray lips or fingertips
• •Is making choking, snoring, or gurgling sounds

If uncertain, use it—don’t wait for proof.

What to do

• 1.Call emergency services immediately.
• 2.Give naloxone according to the device instructions—commonly one nasal spray into one nostril.
• 3.Provide rescue breaths or CPR if trained; follow the dispatcher’s instructions.
• 4.If there’s no response after 2–3 minutes, give another dose, preferably using a new device, and repeat as supplies allow.
• 5.Once breathing resumes, place the person on their side and stay with them.

Naloxone often lasts only 30–90 minutes, shorter than many opioids, so overdose symptoms can return. The person still needs emergency evaluation. They may awaken confused, agitated, vomiting, or in sudden withdrawal; keep some distance and reassure them.