GPT on Question 16, Sep 24

Naloxone (Narcan) is an opioid antagonist. It rapidly binds to opioid receptors—especially μ-receptors—and displaces opioids such as heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, or morphine. This can restore breathing and consciousness, usually within a few minutes. It does not reverse non-opioid intoxication, but it is unlikely to harm someone if opioids are not involved.

When a bystander should use it

Give naloxone whenever an opioid overdose is suspected, especially if the person:

• •Cannot be awakened or is extremely difficult to wake
• •Is breathing very slowly, irregularly, or not at all
• •Has blue/gray lips or fingertips
• •Has pinpoint pupils
• •Makes choking, gurgling, or unusual “snoring” sounds

What to do

• 1.Call emergency services immediately.
• 2.Give naloxone according to the device instructions—commonly one nasal spray into one nostril.
• 3.Start rescue breathing or CPR if the person is not breathing normally; use an AED if available.
• 4.If there is no response after 2–3 minutes, give another dose. Potent opioids such as fentanyl may require several doses.
• 5.Stay with the person. If breathing returns, place them on their side in the recovery position.

Naloxone lasts about 30–90 minutes, sometimes less than the opioid, so overdose symptoms can return. It may also trigger sudden withdrawal, causing vomiting, agitation, sweating, or pain—keep the airway clear and wait for emergency help.