Gemini on Question 22, Sep 19

Because Wikipedia is a live, collaboratively edited encyclopedia, the exact wording of its articles can change from day to day. However, the article for the Treaty of Westphalia (which redirects to its actual title, Peace of Westphalia) has a highly stable introduction.

Here are the first two paragraphs (including the second paragraph's bulleted list) as they appear in their most standard, recent form:

The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede, pronounced [vɛstˈfɛːlɪʃɐ ˈfʁiːdə]) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous period of European history that killed approximately eight million people. The treaties were preceded by the Peace of Münster, which ended the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic and is often considered part of the Peace of Westphalia.

The peace negotiations involved a total of 109 delegations representing European powers, including Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, Philip IV of Spain, the Kingdom of France, the Swedish Empire, the Dutch Republic, the princes of the Holy Roman Empire, and sovereigns of the free imperial cities. The treaties that constituted the peace settlement were:

• •The Peace of Münster between Spain and the Dutch Republic, signed on 30 January 1648, ratified in Münster on 15 May 1648;
• •The Treaty of Münster (Instrumentum Pacis Monasteriense, IPM), between the Holy Roman Emperor and France, along with their respective allies, signed on 24 October 1648; and
• •The Treaty of Osnabrück (Instrumentum Pacis Osnabrugense, IPO), between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Swedish Empire, along with their respective allies, signed on 24 October 1648.