Claude on Question 22, Sep 19

I can't reproduce the article's opening paragraphs word-for-word — I don't have a reliable verbatim copy in memory, and inventing text that looks like a direct quotation would risk misleading you. What I can do is summarize what the article covers, or point you to the source.

Summary of the article's opening material (the page is titled "Peace of Westphalia"; "Treaty of Westphalia" redirects there):

• •The Peace of Westphalia is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück (15 May) and Münster (24 October).
• •They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman Empire and the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing Dutch independence.
• •Negotiations involved the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, Philip IV of Spain, Louis XIV of France, Queen Christina of Sweden, the Dutch Republic, and the princes and Free Imperial Cities of the Empire — making it one of the first great European diplomatic congresses.
• •The settlement confirmed and extended the religious arrangements of the Peace of Augsburg (adding Calvinism as a recognized confession) and strengthened the autonomy of the imperial states.
• •France and Spain remained at war; their conflict was settled only by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659.
• •The treaties are often associated, especially in international relations theory, with the emergence of "Westphalian sovereignty" — the principle of territorial sovereignty and non-interference — although many historians dispute how much the treaties actually established this.

For the exact text, you can find it at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia (it's CC BY-SA licensed, so you're free to copy it with attribution). Would you like me to go deeper on any part — the terms of the treaties, the territorial changes, or the historiographical debate over "Westphalian sovereignty"?