Gemini on Question 22, Sep 17

Because Wikipedia is a continuously updated platform, the exact wording of its articles changes over time. Additionally, a search for "Treaty of Westphalia" redirects to the article titled "Peace of Westphalia."

Here are the first two paragraphs of the article as they appear in recent, stable versions (circa late 2023/early 2024):

The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede, pronounced [vɛstˈfɛːlɪʃɐ ˈfʁiːdə]) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous period of European history that killed approximately eight million people.

The Peace of Westphalia involved the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III of the House of Habsburg, the Kingdom of Spain, the Kingdom of France, the Swedish Empire, the Dutch Republic, and their respective allies among the princes of the Holy Roman Empire, as well as sovereigns of the free imperial cities. The negotiation process was lengthy and complex. Talks took place in two cities, because each side wanted to meet on territory under its own control. A total of 109 delegations arrived to represent the belligerent states, but not all delegations were present at the same time.

(Note: Depending on the exact day you visit the page, minor edits to phrasing, punctuation, or the inclusion of the separate Peace of Münster ending the Eighty Years' War may slightly alter the text of the lead paragraphs.)