Claude on Question 22, Sep 17

I can't reproduce the article text verbatim — partly because I can't reliably recall Wikipedia's exact wording (I'd end up inventing something that looks like a quote but isn't), and partly because I try to avoid reproducing long passages of text word-for-word. But I'm happy to summarize what that article covers.

A note on the title: the Wikipedia article is called "Peace of Westphalia." There wasn't a single "Treaty of Westphalia" — the settlement consisted of two treaties signed in 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Münster and Osnabrück.

Key points from the opening of that article:

• •The Peace of Westphalia refers to a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648, ending the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman Empire and the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic.
• •The main instruments were the Treaty of Osnabrück (between the Holy Roman Emperor, Sweden, and their allies) and the Treaty of Münster (between the Emperor and France and their allies), plus the separate Spanish–Dutch peace concluded at Münster in January 1648.
• •Negotiations involved a very large number of delegations — the Emperor, France, Sweden, Spain, the Dutch Republic, and the various princes and imperial estates of the Empire — making it one of the first great multilateral European congresses.
• •The settlement is often credited in international relations theory with establishing the modern system of sovereign states and the principle of non-interference (the so-called "Westphalian sovereignty"), though many historians argue this significance was attributed retroactively and overstated.

If you want the actual text, the article is at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia — and since Wikipedia content is CC BY-SA licensed, you're free to copy it yourself with attribution. Would you like me to go deeper on any part of the settlement, such as its religious provisions or territorial changes?