Gemini on Question 22, Sep 10

Here are the first two paragraphs of the Wikipedia article on the Peace of Westphalia (which is the title of the article that "Treaty of Westphalia" redirects to), based on its most stable, recent form:

The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede, pronounced [vɛstˈfɛːlɪʃɐ ˈfʁiːdə]) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous period of European history that killed approximately eight million people. The Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic was also ended with the Peace of Münster, which was signed in January 1648 and ratified in May of that year.

The negotiation process was lengthy and complex. Talks took place in two cities, because each side wanted to meet on territory under its own control. A total of 109 delegations arrived to represent the belligerent states, but not all were present at the same time. Three treaties were signed to end each of the overlapping wars: the Peace of Münster, the Treaty of Münster, and the Treaty of Osnabrück. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War. The treaties involved the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the kingdoms of Spain, France, and Sweden, the Dutch Republic, and their respective allies among the princes and the Free Imperial Cities of the Holy Roman Empire.

(Note: Because Wikipedia is a collaboratively edited encyclopedia, the exact wording of its articles can change from day to day. This reflects the stable lead section of the article as of late 2023/early 2024).