Claude on Question 22, Sep 10

I can't reliably reproduce the article's opening paragraphs word for word — I don't have Wikipedia's text stored verbatim, and if I tried I'd likely produce something that looked like a quotation but wasn't actually what the page says. That kind of confabulated "quote" tends to be worse than no quote at all, especially if you're citing it.

A couple of things that may help instead:

On the title: There isn't a single "Treaty of Westphalia." Wikipedia's article is titled "Peace of Westphalia," which covers the collection of treaties signed in 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Münster and Osnabrück.

A summary of what the opening covers (in my own words, not a quotation):

The Peace of Westphalia refers to two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster, which ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman Empire and the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic. The negotiations involved the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, Philip IV of Spain, France, Sweden, the Dutch Republic, and the various princes and imperial estates of the Empire. The settlement recognized Dutch independence from Spain, granted territorial gains to France and Sweden, confirmed and extended the religious arrangements of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg (adding Calvinism as a tolerated confession), and strengthened the autonomy of the individual German states within the Empire. It has often been credited — though this view is contested by many historians — with establishing the foundations of the modern system of sovereign states, sometimes called the "Westphalian system."

If you need the exact wording, the article is at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia. Its text is licensed under CC BY-SA, so you're free to quote or reuse it with attribution. And if you paste the paragraphs here, I'm happy to help you summarize, analyze, or fact-check them.